I recently wrote a piece for the Bulletin of the Scientific Instrument Society, re-examining Gerard Turner’s exceptional work on the tooling patterns on early English optical instruments. By re-organizing Gerard’s data it is possible to sharpen up his findings: the patterns dramatically simplified over time, and there is a hard and fast divide between each of the three chronological groups he identified, with Cock and Yarwell dominiting the first, John Marshall the second, and Edmund Culpeper the third. Undoubtedly, Read More...